Menstruation

Menstruation

Menstruation is a natural biological process that occurs in individuals with a uterus, typically as part of the menstrual cycle. It involves the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) when fertilization of an egg does not occur. This process usually manifests as a monthly discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the vagina, lasting between three to seven days.

Overview of the Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is generally around 28 days, although it can range from 21 to 35 days. It consists of several phases:

• Menstrual Phase: This is when menstruation occurs, marking the beginning of the cycle. Hormonal levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining.
• Follicular Phase: Following menstruation, the body prepares for potential ovulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, leading to the maturation of an egg.
• Ovulation: Typically occurring around the midpoint of the cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
• Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining in case of pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels drop, leading back to the menstrual phase.

Key Points

• Physical Symptoms: Menstruation can be accompanied by symptoms such as cramps, bloating, mood swings, and fatigue, often referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
• Menstrual Products: Various products are used for menstrual hygiene, including pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period panties.
• Cultural Perspective: Menstruation is perceived differently across cultures, with some viewing it as a natural process, while others may associate it with stigma or taboo.

Understanding menstruation is essential for acknowledging reproductive health and wellness, as well as the importance of consent, communication, and education within relationships.